Gangs and Drugs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1045 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/03 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Drugs Essay Gang Violence Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Drugs and gangs are one in the same. The drug and gang issue have been closely linked, and many gang affiliates are tangled with the use or sale of illegal drugs The concerns of gangs and drugs are both tremendously significant to todays law enforcement. Law enforcement today, have come up with different approaches to lessen the gang and drug problem. This research paper will look at the history of gangs and drugs and the policing methods of gangs and drugs. The History of Gangs Characteristics Gangs have been in the United States for a long time. In an article by Edward Flores, The History of Street Gangs in the United States: Their Origins and Transformations (2016) he introduces a Historical Model of Street Gang Emergence and Transformation. In the first phase of the model he talks about how gangs emerged from three conditions that is related to large-scale international migration: concentrated poverty, residential instability, and co-ethnic segregation. In the second phase, it is portrayed by weakened social control, family, and neighborhood. In phase three of the model it is named by youth gangs and subculture (Flores, 2016). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gangs and Drugs" essay for you Create order In the book chapter, Gangs and Drugs: Threats to Our National Security by Hess et al. (2015), it talks about the most discernable qualities of gangs. Those attributes incorporate criminal action, leadership, organization, location identification, utilization of images, and a name. Research demonstrates that most gang individuals as of now were carrying out violations before they joined a gang, however their misconduct rates increment significantly subsequent to joining a gang. Albeit numerous gangs are approximately organized, some are formally sorted out. One basic authoritative component is age, with numerous gangs ordinarily having two to four age divisions. In some gangs initiative is greatly characterized and might be one of three sorts: collective, key personally, and chain of command. Normally, gangs stake out a geographic region, or turf, as their area. Gangs symbols are normal. Apparel, hand signs, spray painting, and tattoos are altogether utilized emblematic portrayals of a persons association with an explicit gang. Gang names shift from creative to clear. They ordinarily allude to areas, creatures, eminence, disobedience, pioneers, or a blend of these components (Hess et al., 2015). The History of Drug Use Different Drugs In the book chapter, Gangs and Drugs: Threats to Our National Security by Hess et al. (2015), it talks about American historys utilization of drugs. As the early pioneers moved west, one of the principal structures in every town was a saloon. In the 1880s, cocaine use was very common. Toward the start of the twentieth century, cocaine was the drug to use, said to fix everything from acid reflux to toothaches. It was added to flavor a soda pop, for example, Coca-Cola. A presidential commission answered to President Theodore Roosevelt that cocaine was a risk, prompting loss of occupations and lives in 1909. As general society turned out to be progressively mindful of the dangers presented by cocaine and different drugs, it squeezed for enactment against utilization of such drugs. In 1937 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, cannabis turned into the last drug to be prohibited. The use of drugs was not an issue for 25 years. The United States turned into the most drug swarmed country on the planet, with marijuana driving the way. Today, vast or little, urban or rustic, communities all through America go up against a significant number of similar dangers, with one of the greatest dangers being unlawful drug misuse (Hess et al., 2015). The five noteworthy drugs as of now are cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, and MDMA (Ecstasy). Cocaine is a focal sensory system stimulant opiate from the South American coca shrub. Cocaine might be breathed in or injected. Heroin is a focal sensory system depressant that alleviates pain and initiates rest. Most heroin begins from opium poppy farms in southwest Asia, southeast Asia, and Latin America. Moreover, marijuana is very likely the most socially acknowledged unlawful drug, legislation decreasing punishments for its utilization has every now and again been proposed. Methamphetamine, or meth, is otherwise called speed, ice, and crystal, and, similar to, cocaine is a powerful focal sensory system stimulant. Meth represents a noteworthy issue for law enforcement. MDMA or Ecstasy is a manufactured, psychoactive drug with both stimulant and stimulating properties that make sentiments of passionate closeness to other people and separate any personal correspondence boundaries that may exist (Hess et al., 2015). Policing Gangs Drugs Truly, the police reaction to gangs and gang-related issues has been to dole out duty regarding control to existing units, for example, juvenile bureaus, community relations, crime prevention, patrol, and investigations. In the article, Police Response to Gangs: A Multi-Site Study by Charles M. Katz and Vincent J. Webb (2003), discusses the formation of police gang units and how it has been one part in the national reaction to the gang issue. To comprehend the police reaction to the gang issue, one should initially comprehend the improvements that have formed and defended the move toward suppression-oriented techniques. To begin with, policymakers never again trust that the social intervention methods of the 1970s are effective in managing gang issues. Social intervention took numerous structures, all dependent on the suspicion that gang participation was the side-effect of a socially denied community, and that the qualities and standards of gang youth could be changed by re-situating the adolescents frames of mind, qualities, and desires toward standard society (Katz Webb, 2003). The article, The Police and Drugs by Mark H. Moore and Mark A.R. Kleiman (1989), discourses drug threats to policing and the most viciousness related with street-level drug dealing. The most violence related with street-level drug dealing includes youth gangs and spills into the overall population, drug use undermines well-being, economic prosperity, and social obligation of drug users, drug trafficking compromises the thoughtfulness of city life and undermines child rearing. Objectives of drug enforcement: diminish the gang brutality related with drug trafficking and prevent powerful organized criminal groups from rising, control the street wrongdoings carried out by drug users, enhance the well-being and economic and social prosperity of drug users, reestablish the personal satisfaction in urban communities by closure of street-level drug dealing, help keep kids from trying different things with drugs, and secure the respectability of criminal justice organizations (Moore Kleiman, 1989).

Romeo And Juliet Gender Roles - 1489 Words

Traditionally, female characters in literature are portrayed as weak and vulnerable to attacks, and rarely do these characters defy the common stereotypes. Most women were viewed as passive in contrast to men, forcing them to serve as secondary characters who aided the primary male roles. Few female character were able to gain control over their own lives, by defying traditional values, allowing them to create their own identity. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare explored the social boundaries of an ancient society in Verona through Juliet, as she gains power and control over her own life by opposing her parents’ traditional ideals. Due to the ancient grudge between the Capulets and the Montagues, Juliet’s relationship with†¦show more content†¦Her grief for Tybalt was used as a form of deception to mask her actual grief for Romeo’s banishment to Mantua, allowing her to mourn without raising any suspicions. Upon discussing the subject of Ty balt’s death with her mother, Lady Capulet, Juliet used a series of complex rhetorics to express that â€Å"no man like he doth grieve [her] heart† (III.v.88). Through the use of simple pronouns in her speech, Juliet was able to easily deceive her mother by disguising her indirect confessions about Romeo to be perceived as grief for Tybalt. Her literary techniques reveal that despite her youthful age, Juliet is extremely intelligent, as she is able to manipulate her mother’s perception, which allows her to gain control of the entire conversation. Juliet’s ability to dictate the discussion while allowing her mother to perceive her as an inferior allows her to have a firm foundation of power in her relationship with her parents. By providing her mother with a false sense of superiority, Juliet allows her deception to remain unsuspected throughout the entire conversation. Despite her lower status within the family, Juliet arguably has more power in compariso n to her mother, Lady Capulet, as she takes control of different aspects of her life, rather than allowing it to be dependent on family’s patriarch, which in this case is Lord Capulet. By reducing the control and influence that her parents have over her lifeShow MoreRelatedRomeo and Juliet Gender Roles1251 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles in Romeo and Juliet In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, Juliet resorts to conniving and shrewd ways in order to control her destiny and free herself from her confined existence. Contrary to the critics who view Juliet as innocent, childish and immature, Juliet’s habits of manipulating people–particularly the men in her life, expressly Romeo–through simulating maleness implies a parallel between the approaches falconers (mostly males) use to train their falcons (mostly females)Read MoreGender Roles in Romeo Juliet2341 Words   |  10 PagesThe tragedy Romeo and Juliet has been criticized by many critics throughout the years. Most critics tend to agree that Shakespearean literature has strong gender roles. This means that the men will carry themselves with honor and pride. A typical man for the time period in which Shakespeare set his play was the head of the household; anything the man or also known as the head of the family wanted would be put into motion almost a s soon as he finished saying the words. The strong males in the tragedyRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Gender Roles Essay730 Words   |  3 Pages the view regarding gender roles was nothing like today’s perspective. Boys were raised to become men: violent, dominant, confident, and decisive beings. Girls were raised to become ladylike figures: subservient, obedient, diffident, and emotional individuals. Conveyed in the tragic play Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, 14th century gender roles shape and impact the female protagonist, Juliet Capulet. Furthermore, the play reveals the development and growth of Juliet, despite her challengesRead More Gender Roles in Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, there is an overlaying presence of the typical roles that men and women were supposed to play. During Elizabethan times there was a major difference between the way men and women were supposed t o act. Men typically were supposed to be masculine and powerful, and defend the honor. Women, on the other hand, were supposed to be subservient to their men in their lives and do as ever they wished. In Romeo and Juliet the typical gender roles that men andRead MoreGender Roles Throughout History : The Odyssey, Romeo And Juliet1515 Words   |  7 Pages TITLE: STUDENT: GRADE: YEAR: SUBJECTS:  First Tesina Draft: Gender Roles throughout History Have you ever been told you couldn’t do something because of who you were? Have you ever felt inferior to someone else for something that was out of your control? Women have always rebelled against their traditional role in society. An illustration of this is how women have succeeded in a male dominated field such as science. We today have evolved greatly socially from the periods of ancientRead MoreGender Roles Of Romeo And Juliet By William Shakespeare1259 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles in Romance Comics Author and civil rights activist Maya Angelou once said, â€Å"How important it is for us to recognize and celebrate our heroes and she-roes!†. When one thinks of comic books, it is very likely that the subjects that come to mind are Marvel’s Spiderman or DC’s Batman. Although comic books are stereotypically thought to be mainly about super heroes, there are a wide variety of subject matter they could be written about, such as romance. In the 1950s – 1960s, it was commonRead MoreEssay on Significance of Gender in Romeo and Juliet1329 Words   |  6 PagesSignificance of Gender in Romeo and Juliet In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the Montagues and the Capulets have very different relationships with their children. A major reason for this, as well as much of the conflict in the tale, comes from the gender roles that Romeo and Juliet are expected to play into. Adding to that conflict is the fact that both Romeo and Juliet push the boundaries of these roles and struggle to fit into them. Romeo plays the over emotional lover, while Juliet is clever andRead MoreEssay on Fate in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1096 Words   |  5 PagesFate in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet When William Shakespeare wrote ‘Romeo Juliet’ he told a tale of â€Å"A pair of star crossed lovers†. The role of fate plays an important role in the play. The themes of conflict, love, revenge, religion destiny all tie in with the role of fate. Romeo Juliet were both born into and â€Å"ancient grudge† fuelled by two formidable families, the Capulets and Montagues. 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The way a director presents gender in film can either inspire social change and conversation, or alternatively it can further reproduce social norms. In the case of the film’s discussed in this essay, it is

The Colosseum vs Chartres Cathedral free essay sample

From the ancient city of Rome to the elaborate stained glass windows in France, two famous architectural works of art display the differences between architectural structures in the different time periods of history. By comparing and contrasting the Colosseum with the Chartres Cathedral we can gain an understanding of how architecture has not only improved throughout time, but also where certain architectural concepts started. Although the two structures were built over 1,100 years apart they still share similar architectural characteristics and explanations for why these similarities and differences exist. The construction of the Colosseum began in 72 CE and finished in 80 CE, in Rome, Italy. Sharing similar iconography with Chartres Cathedral, built between 1194-1250 CE in France, both the Colosseum and Cathedral practice the use of groin vaults. The Colosseum consists of 80 barrel vaults along each level of the structure and when they intersect and the barrel ring they create groin vaults which are also used in the Cathedral. Although both structures use groin vaults, Chartres Cathedral differs from the Colosseum by using a different type of groin vault, which is referred to as a rib vault. A rib vault uses extra masonry, known as ribs, that are used to reinforce the groins of the cathedral but can also be purely decorative. 1 In addition to the differing vaults, the Colosseum also lacks any type of glass, or stained glass in its design, unlike Chartres Cathedral that contains 135 different stained glass windows that are used to tell narratives. The Colosseums barrel vaults also lack a tympanum at the top of the arches unlike the Cathedral which has tympanums along the tops of the arches on the west facade or Royal Portal. Engaged columns are used to support the friezes between the levels of the Colosseum 1 Michael W. Cothern and Marilyn Stokstad, Art: A Brief History, 4th ed. , (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2010), 661. 2 and also support the entire structure in order to create multiple levels. Chartres Cathedral also uses columns, but these are more for decoration than support. Columns used in the cathedral are more decorative due to the jamb statues along the exterior of the column and flying buttresses are added for support. In addition to jamb statues adding decoration to the cathedral, pinnacles and finials are placed along the structure to add more decoration to the exterior of the cathedral. The colosseum lacks both flying buttresses for support and pinnacles for decoration. The functions of the Colosseum and Chartres Cathedral are alike because they were both used to hold large crowds of people and often times could act as a plaza. In addition to their likeness in crowd gathering, both the structures tower over their cities and can be seen for miles within their cities. Although both supported large crowds of people, the reasons the people were gathering differed. The Colosseums primary function was built for the purpose of athletic games consisting of gladiators and wild animals. These matches lasted 100 days and an average of 9,000 wild animals died as well as 2,000 gladiators within this time frame. People gathered for pure enjoyment as opposed to the cathedral which was a place built for religious purposes consisting of chapels and religious artwork among the building. The cathedral could at times could also be used as a marketplace. In terms of their formal content, both the Colosseum and Chartes contain three different levels. In most gothic churches, three-story elevation occurs with a triforium between the nave arcade and a clerestory. The Colosseum’s three levels use a different architectural order and the decoration becomes more elaborate with each level, because the less weight that needs to be supported the more decorative the architect can be. The ground level of the Colosseum uses an 2 Cothern and Stokstad, Art: A Brief History, 278. 3 architectural order similar to the Greek doric order known as the Tuscan order, which is surrounded by columns. The second level is done in the ionic order and the third level is in the Corinthian order. The fourth level consists of flat Corinthian pilasters which are used for decoration only and have contain no support for another level. Although the different levels are not created in the same architectural order, they are however similar with their emphasis on the number three. Both the Colosseum and Chartres Cathedral also contain facades but the Colosseum does not refer to its facade as a west facade and doesn’t differ from the other sides of the structure extremely. The cathdedral, however, contains a west facade that is much more elaborate than the rest of the already elaborate building. It contains arches with tympanums, jamb statues along the columns, lancets, a huge stained glass window, gables, and is considered the front side of the cathedral with tall pinnacles and finials to bring more attention to the facade. The most obvious difference in the formal content between the Colosseum and Chartres Cathedral is the shape of the building. The Colosseum is in the shape of a rotunda which differs from the cathedrals rectangular crossing shape. The Colosseum and the cathedral both use the same techniques in their portal openings, but differ in the amount of decoration used for each and the number of portals on each side of the structure. The portal openings on the Colosseum heavily outweight the cathedrals in number, but they are less elaborately decorated than the Colosseum. In terms of the the materials, the Colosseum’s basement is made of concrete and encased in a deep trench. The upper part of the arena is made of brick-faced concrete to help with the draining of water since the arena is open. Chartres Cathedral is made of materials like stone, wood, stained glass, etc and is closed on top. 4 Both the Colosseum and the cathedral work with the human figure in terms of statues but the Colosseum’s figures are freestanding statues in the fornices unlike the jamb statues that are attached to the columns of the west royal portal on Chartres Cathedral. Previously stated that the Colosseum lacks stained glass windows, it also lacks the narratives that go along with the ones in Chartres Cathedral. Each panel of the stained glass windows tell a different narrative of the bible, involving hundreds of two-dimensional figures. These figures portray the tales of the saints and bibilical figures whereas the Colosseum’s figures portray gods and heroes of the Roman culture. Aside from the similarities and the differences seen with the naked eye in the architectural work itself, there are also similarities and differences in the cultural ideals and values that help explain why these similarities and differences exist. Both the roman era and the gothic era place an importance on the historical figures within their different cultures. Each have placed an emphasis on important figures throughout their history by portraying their accomplishments or persona through sculpture or stained glass. Although the Colosseum’s figures which are based on warriors, athletes, and gods, differ from Chartres Cathedral which is based on bibilical characters and God, both cultures do place importance on some type of God or gods. This decision on what is more important in the culture reveals the religious and philosophical beliefs of the two cultures. By choosing to portray roman atheletes and warriors in the same manner and frequency as the roman gods this shows that the roman culture’s religious beliefs are just as important to them as their belief in their people as well. To the christians who built the cathedral, warriors and atheletes are not mentioned and the emphasis is on Christ and 5 the saints that he is surrounded by showing that their culture believes that God and the saints are above all people. Social and political factors play a key role in the development of the Colosseum because the Romans were huge sports fans leading to the building of the arena. This extreme interest in the kind of sporting events held in the Colosseum, are a direct result of the culture’s crusading and fighitng spirit. The people who helped built the Chartres Cathedral were christian people who were proud of it and voluntarily gathered materials and banned together to help rebuild the city and cathedral after the fire, showing that socially the culture banned together under God.

Mercury Essays (412 words) - Neurotoxins, Mercury, Cinnabar

Mercury What Is Mercury? As anyone who's ever broken a thermometer can attest, mercury is a fascinating substance. It also has an interesting history. Named after the fleet-footed Roman messenger of the gods, mercury has been used for more than 2,000 years. Mercury ore cinnabar has even been found smeared on Neolithic skulls. Its first recorded mention is a reference by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., a time when the silvery-white, heavy metal was used in religious ceremonies. Spanish miners used mercury to process gold ore for ancient Rome; when their mercury supply ran out, gold production dropped and set in motion the decline of the Roman Empire. Today mercury poses a serious threat, this time environmental. Human beings around the world cause mercury to enter the atmosphere primarily when they burn coal or incinerate waste. Studies from Sweden and Florida suggest that mercury also evaporates from landfills, but only 0.0001 per cent. Groundwater contamination from old dumps is of concern but combustion is the major path via which mercury pollutes the globe. Mercury rarely exists in a free state in nature; it's recovered from red mercuric sulphide in geologically recent volcanic rocks. The world inventory of mined mercury is estimated at 600,000 tonnes, stored mostly in states of the former Soviet Union. (Mercury has not been mined in Canada since 1975.) Scientists estimate that man-made mercury releases are two- to four times greater than those of nature. The typical mercury content of lakes has increased up to sevenfold since industrialization. Acid rain dissolves lake-rock and releases mercury to water. (Granite contains about 0.2 p/m mercury.) With a melting point of minus 38.87?C, metallic or elemental mercury (the form used in thermometers) readily vaporizes and can be transported long distances. The vaporization rate of mercury doubles with every 10?C temperature increase and its residence time in the atmosphere is up to three years. Not surprisingly, mercury condenses and accumulates in cold climates such as the Arctic or mountain regions. Though far away from industrial activity, these areas have become repositories of the world's mercury emissions. Mercuric chloride, a simple salt, is the predominant form in many surface waters. Almost all the mercury found in animal tissues is methyl mercury, a water-soluble toxic organic mercury compound. Persistent and non-biodegradable, mercury biomagnifies up the food chain. In the Arctic as few as six steps stand between ingestion by microscopic organisms and consumption by human beings. Pregnant women can pass mercury from contaminated fish to their unborn children. Toxic effects include central nervous system and kidney damage, mental retardation, blindness and cerebral palsy.